Evaluation of the effects of Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy on the Craniofacial development by using CT scans

이 연구의 목적은 computerized tomography (CT)를 이용하여 adenoid hypertrophy patients and tonsillar hypertrophic patients 으로 분류되어 있는 어린이들의 두개안면의 비율을 평가하는 것이다. 이 후향연구의 총 63 명 환자는 대상으로 다음과 같은 그룹으로 나누어져 있다: control group (C group)에 17 명 (10 명 남성과 7 명 여성; 평균 나이, 5.18 ± 1.51 세), adenoid hypertrophy group (A group)에 15 명 (10 명 남성과 5 명 여성; 평균 나이, 5.13 ± 1.41 세), tonsillar hypertrophy group (T group)에 15 명 (9 명 남성과 6 명 여성; 평균 나이, 5.27 ± 1.44 세) 그리고 adenotonsillar hypertrophy group (AT group)에 16 명 (8 명 남성과 8 명 여성; 평균 나이, 5.00 ± 1.41 세). 4 그룹의 사이의 다음 측정치의 차이를 one-way ANOVA 와 post-hoc Scheffe test 으로 통하여 비교하였다: inter-gonion width, inter-J width, nasal cavity width, maxillary inter-canine width, maxillary inter-molar width, palatal depth, maxillary arch length, and nasion-crest of the alveolar bone between the central incisors (N-Cr). Inter-Gonion width 가 T 와 AT group 에서 C group 보다 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 차이로 작았다 (p < 0.05). Inter-J width 가 AT group 에서 T group 보다 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 차이로 작았다 (p < 0.05). Maxillary inter-molar width 가 A 와 AT group 에서 T group 보다 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 차이로 작았다 (p < 0.05). 결과를 통하여 tonsillar hypertrophy 가 3-7 세 나이의 어린이들의 inter-gonion width 를 유의성이 있게 제한할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. adenoid hypertrophy 가 3-7 세 나이의 어린이들의 maxillary width 와 maxillary inter-molar width 를 유의성이 있게 제한할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The aim of this study was to evaluate craniofacial proportions in children classified into adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophic patients, by using a systematic reproduceable method for the assessment, utilizing computerized tomography (CT) scans. This retrospective study included a total of 63 subjects (age range, 3-7 years) who were distributed as the following: control group (C group) had 17 subjects (10 males and 7 females; mean age, 5.18 ± 1.51 years), adenoid hypertrophy group (A group) had 15 subjects (10 males and 5 females; mean age, 5.13 ± 1.41 years), tonsillar hypertrophy group (T group) had 15 subjects ( 9 males and 6 females; mean age, 5.27 ± 1.44 years), and adenotonsillar hypertrophy group (AT group) had 16 subjects (8 males and 8 females; mean age, 5.00 ± 1.41 years). The differences in the following measurements between the four groups were compared using one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Scheffe test: inter-gonion width, inter-J width, nasal cavity width, maxillary inter-canine width, maxillary inter-molar width, palatal depth, maxillary arch length, and nasion-crest of the alveolar bone between the central incisors height (N-Cr). The inter-Gonion width was smaller in T and AT groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). The inter-J width was significantly smaller in AT group compared to T group (p < 0.05). The maxillary inter-molar width was significantly smaller in A and AT groups compared to T group (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the tonsillar hypertrophy led to a reduction of the inter-gonion width in young children aged between 3 to 7 years old. The adenoid hypertrophy led to a reduction of the inter-J width and the maxillary inter-molar width in young children aged between 3 to 7 years old. Both the tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy did not have any other significant effect within the scope of the current study.open석

Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic flow of a couple stress with heat and mass transfer of a Jeffery fluid in a tube through porous medium

The effects couple stress on the unsteady flow of a couple stress fluid an incompressible non­­­-Newtonian (Jeffrey) fluid through porous medium have been discussed. The thermal diffusion thermo effect are taken to our consideration. Analytical expression for the axial velocity, stream function and axial pressure gradient are established. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. The non­­-linear partial differential equations which govern this problem are simplified by making the assumptions of long wave length approximation. The analytical formula of the velocity and temperature have been obtained in terms of Bessel function of first and second kinds. In addition, it has been illustrated graphically for significant various parameters such as, magnetic parameter, couple stress parameter, permeability parameter, and thermal parameters . Keywords ­: Magnetohydrodynamic, Peristaltic, couple stress fluid, Heat transfer, Porous medium

Effects of wall properties and heat transfer on the peristaltic transport of a jeffrey fluid through porous medium channel

A mathematical model is constructed to study the effect of heat transfer and elasticity of flexible walls with porous medium in swallowing of food bolus through the oesophagus. The food bolus is supposed to be Jeffrey fluid and the geometry of wall surface of oesophagus is considered as peristaltic wave through porous medium. The expressions for temperature field, axial velocity, transverse velocity and stream function are obtained under the assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. The effects of thermal conductivity, Grashof number, Darcy number, magnet,  rigidity, stiffness of the wall and viscous damping force parameters on velocity, temperature and stream function have been studied. It is noticed that increase in thermal conductivity, Darcy number, Grashof number  and the Jeffrey parameter results in increase of velocity distribution. It is found that the size of the trapped bolus increases with increase in the Jeffrey parameter, rigidity and stiffness.   Keywords­: Magnetohydrodynamic, Peristaltic transport, Oesophagus, Jeffrey fluid, Porous medium, Food bolus

The effect of N-meta-tolylphthalamic acid and light intensities on transplanted greenhouse grown tomatoes

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1962 A4

Novel steganography scheme using Arabic text features in Holy Quran

With the rapid growth of the Internet and mobile devices, the need for hidden communications has significantly increased. Steganography is a technique introduced for establishing hidden communication, Most steganography techniques have been applied to audio, images, videos, and text. Many researchers used steganography in Arabic texts to take advantage of adding, editing or changing letters or diacritics, but lead to notable and suspicious text. In this paper, we propose two novel steganography algorithms for Arabic text using the Holy Quran as cover text. The fact that it is forbidden to add, edit or change any letter or diacritics in the Holy Quran provides the valuable feature of its robustness and difficulty as a cover in steganography. The algorithms hide secret messages elements within Arabic letters benefiting from the existence of sun letters (Arabic: ḥurūf shamsīyah) and moon letters (ḥurūf qamarīyah). Also, we consider the existence of some Arabic language characteristics represented as small vowel letters (Arabic Diacritics). Our experiments using the proposed two algorithms demonstrate high capacity for text files. The proposed algorithms are robust against attack since the changes in the cover text are imperceptible, so our contribution offers a more secure algorithm that provides good capacity

Prevalence and Predictors of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is now the most frequent cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Aims: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and predictors in SSc among Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 56 patients with SSc diagnosed according to the criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology. Baseline characteristics [age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration of SSc, type of SSc, duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon, and presence of telangiectasia] were documented.  Antiscleroderma 70 (anti-SCL70) and anticentromere antibodies were measured. Doppler echocardiography was done to diagnose PAH. A risk score was obtained from 7 criteria, namely: Anti-Centromere Ab, Limited disease type, short duration of Raynaud's phenomena (&lt;2.5 years), older age group (40+ years), absence of Telangiectasia, female gender, and absence of anti SCL70 Ab.  Results: We found that PAH was present in 11 (19.6%) SSc patients with a 95% confidence interval of (9.2% to 30.0%). Risk score in addition to anti-centromere antibodies were enough to diagnose PAH with accuracy level of 89.3%. Conclusions: PAH in SSc occurs in significant proportion of patients. Risk score and anti-centromere antibodies had high accuracy level in predicting PAH. Screening of patients with SSc for PAH will help in early diagnosis and appropriate timely therapeutic intervention before significant endorgan damage occurs. Key words Systemic sclerosis. Connective  tissue. Pulmonary hypertension

Efficient cryptography techniques for image encryption in cloud storage

In recent years and with the great progress of the use of cloud computing and their uses that covered most aspects of modern life as well as provide a variety of services, such as the formation of computing resources, cost control, sustainability, mobility and service flexibility. However, there are challenges to cloud computing, the most important of which is data security and transmission. Cryptographic is the science of protecting data by converting data (plain text) into an incomprehensible format (cipher text) for unauthorized individuals through the use of mathematical techniques. This paper provides work for the most common encryption algorithms that are utilized to encryption of data in cloud computing and presented some of papers that based on the most common cryptographic techniques such as DES, 3DES, Blowfish, AES, RSA, D-H, ECC And others. This way paves the way for finding the suitable encryption algorithm to protect the data in the cloud environment. The AES outperforms the other algorithms in term of encryption time

A study of nutritional anaemia among husm pregnant women and its corretation with the hematological parameters

Nutritional anaemia in pregnancy continues to be a common clinical problem in many developing countries and significantly contributes to maternal mortality and to both maternal and fetal morbidity. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia and nutritional anaemia among pregnant women at HUSM and to look for correlation between haematological parameters and serum ferritin, serum folate, red cell folate and vitamin 812. A cross sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at HUSM was conducted in year 2005. A systematic random sampling method was applied and 278 patients were recruited. Full blood count, serum ferritin, serum folate, red cell folate and vitamin B12 levels were determined by automated haematology analyzer Sysmex KX 21N and Access Immunoassay System respectively and results were analysed by SPSS version 12. The means (SDs) of age, period of amenorrhoea, and gravida were 31.1 (5.9) years, 20.7 (7.7) weeks and 3 (3) respectively. Sixty five percent (65%) of the study population were in the second trimester and 62.2 %were multigravida. Thirty seven percent (37%) were not on any haematinics while 11.9% were taking only one type of haematinics. The mean (SD) of hemoglobin level was 11.3 g/dL(l.l). The prevalence of anaemia (defined by haemoglobin less than 11.0g/dl) was 37.0 % . The means (SDs) for serum ferritin, serum folate, vitamin 812 and red cell folate were 17.7 ~Jg/L (30.4), 22.9 nmoi/L (13.0), 284.6 pmoi/L (135.7) and 951.6 nmoi/L (441.5) respectively. Serum ferritin less than 12.0 ~Jg/L were recorded in 34.7% of patients and 47.6% had serum ferritin between 12.0 11g/L and 50.0 11g /L. Among those with serum ferritin less than 12.0 llg/1, half of them (50.0%) had iron deficiency anaemia whereas the other 50.0% were in the state of iron deficiency. Four patients (1.5 %) had folate deficiency defined by red cell folate less than 372 nmol/1. Three patients (1.2%) probably had vitamin 812 deficiency as defined by vitamin 812 less than 107.0 pmol/1. Gestational age and folate intake were found to be significantly associated with anaemia in pregnancy. Significant positive correlations noted between haemogobin levels and other red cell parameters. Mean cell haemoglobin showed a significant correlation as a predictor for red cell folate, however other haematologkal parameters were not significantly correlated as a predictor for serum ferritin, folate or vitamin 812. In conclusion, the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women at HUSM is high with iron deficiency being the commonest nutritional deficiency. In addition, it was shown that the assessment of iron, folate or vitamin 8l2 status cannot be predicted by haemoglobin levels or other red cell parameters. It is therefore recommended to perform full blood count and serum ferritin together in pregnant women in centres with facilities, whereas folate and vitamin 812 level are recommended for pregnant mother with clinical suspicion and risk factors

EFFECTS OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAIMIDE COMBINATION IN IRAQI OBESE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity was increased world-wide as well as in Iraq. Inflammation plays important role in pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of the inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and BMI and lipid profile in obese type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients treated with metformin and glibenclamide. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq; from January - April 2014. Fasting blood of glucose and insuline levels, lipid profile (S. cholesterol, S. triglyceride, and S. HDL), S. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein were determined in 30 subjects; 15 healthy control and 15 diabetic obese patients. Results: There was statistically significant difference in BMI, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance and lipid profile between obese diabetic and control group; inflammatory markers were also significantly elevated in diabetic obese patients compared to healthy control. Conclusion: There is augmented inflammatory response in Iraqi diabetic obese patients which plays role in higher insu­lin resistance in these patients. Levels of inflammatory markers are increased and related to BMI and dyslipidemia in these patients

EFFECTS OF TAMOXIFEN OR LETROZOLE ON LIPID PROFILE, VITAMIN D AND ESTRADIOL SERUM LEVELS IN OBESE POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN WITH BREAST CANCER

Objective: Obesity is associated with both increased breast cancer risk and poorer prognosis after disease onset. Women who are obese continue to have higher levels of estrogen than women of normal weight even after treatment with hormone-suppressing drugs, raising the possibility that they might benefit from modification or changes to their treatment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of letrozole compared to tamoxifen on serum estradiol and, vitamine D and metabolic profile in Iraqi obese postmenopausal women with breast cancer.Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out at Baquba teaching hospital, Diyala, Iraq. The analyzed variables were: age, lipid profile including total cholesterol; triglycerides, HDL-C, blood sugar, estradiol, and serum vit D. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using mean±SD test P≤0.05. Results: Lipid profile, serum estradiol showed significant variability among the studied group in this study and serum vit D show significant differences between groups in postmenopausal obese with breast cancer taking tamoxifen.Conclusion: Treatment of obese women with breast cancer with tamoxifen or letrozole had neglected effects on metabolic parameters including lipid profile and blood sugar, both agents decrease serum estradiol level in treated patients, and most importantly, the significant positive effect of tamoxifen on serum vitamin D level compared to negative effect of aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole